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摘要: 目的:探讨早期新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的胸部薄层平扫CT表现特征。材料与方法:收集2022年11月至12月我院感染科确诊COVID-19且胸部CT表现阳性的患者153例,所有患者自发病后1~14天行胸部薄层平扫CT检查和有较完整的临床资料。根据患者年龄(≤60岁和>60岁)和发病与CT检查的时间间隔(≤7天和>7天)将患者各分为两组,比较两组患者的CT表现特征的差异性。结果:153例COVID-19患者中,累及肺部(100%)、血管(93.5%)、气道(73.4%)和胸膜(70.1%),其中年龄组间的对比显示病变数量、部位、大小、容积和束带影的差异有统计学意义;发病与CT检查时间间隔分组患者之间,病变的形态、密度、机化和纤维化以及胸膜受累等差异有统计学意义。结论:胸部薄层平扫CT可明确早期COVID-19的病变位置和范围,对COVID-19的定性诊断和鉴别有一定的特征,即以形态的多样化、胸膜内和血管周分布、肺泡为单元的间质性病变、早期混合性磨玻璃影常伴明显的机化和纤维化、胸膜局限性增厚而胸水极少等有助于COVID-19的诊断和鉴别。Abstract: Objective: To explore the characteristics findings of early COVID-19 on chest thin-slice non-enhanced CT. Materials and methods: From November to December 2022, data from 153 patients with COVID-19 with positive chest CT findings confirmed by the Department of Infectious Diseases of our hospital were collected. All patients had relatively complete clinical data and underwent chest CT 1-14 days after the onset. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age (≤60 years old and >60 years old) and the time interval between the onset and CT examination (≤7 days old and >7 days old), and the differences in CT features between the two groups were compared. Result: Among 153 patients with COVID-19, the lung (100%), blood vessels (93.5%), airways (73.4%), and pleura (70.1%) were involved. The comparison between the age groups showed statistically significant differences in the number, location, size, volume, and band shadow of the lesions. There were statistically significant differences in the shape, density, organization, fibrosis, and pleural involvement of the lesions between the patients in the time interval between the onset and CT examination. Conclusion: Chest thin-slice CT can clarify the location and scope of early COVID-19. Some characteristics findings can help for accurate diagnosis and differentiation, such as the diversity of morphology, intrapleural and perivascular distribution, interstitial lesions with alveoli as a unit, early mixed ground-glass shadow often accompanied by obvious organization and fibrosis, localized thickening of the pleura, and few pleural effusions.
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Key words:
- X-ray computer /
- tomography /
- novel coronavirus pneumonia /
- high resolution
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表 1 不同年龄和CT检查时间患者CT显示病灶数量、部位和病变体积百分比等情况
Table 1. Number and location of lesions and percentage of lesion volume revealed by CT in patients of different ages and CT examination times
分布特征 年齡 统计检验 CT检查时间 统计检验 ≤60岁(n=48)
例(%)>60岁
(n=105)
例(%)χ2 P ≤7天
(n=104)
例(%)>7天
(n=49)
例(%)χ2 P 病变数量 单发 5(10.4) 1(0.95) — 0.012 4(3.9) 2(4.1) — 1.000 多发 43(89.6) 104(99.1) — 0.012 100(96.2) 47(95.9) 0.005 0.944 累及部位 单叶 14(29.1) 3(2.8) 23.087 0.000 11(10.6) 6(12.2) 0.094 0.759 单肺 1(2.1) 6(5.8) — 0.434 3(2.9) 4(8.2) — 0.211 双肺 33(68.8) 96(91.4) 12.810 0.000 90(86.5) 39(79.6) 1.215 0.270 病变百分比 ≦10 37(77.1) 45(42.9) 15.516 0.000 59(56.7) 24(49) 0.806 0.369 ≦30 6(12.5) 22(21) 1.574 0.210 20(19.2) 8(16.3) 0.188 0.665 ≦50 2(4.2) 23(21.9) 7.582 0.006 15(14.4) 10(20.4) 0.873 0.350 >50 3(6.3) 15(14.3) 2.049 0.152 12(11.5) 7(14.3) 0.631 0.231 表 2 不同年龄和CT检查时间患者组病灶各类征象占比情况
Table 2. Percentage of various types of signs of lesions in the patient group by age and time of CT examination
影像学征象 年齡 统计检验 CT检查时间 统计检验 ≤60岁(n=48)
例(%)>60岁(n=105)
例(%)χ2 P ≤7天
(n=104)
例(%)>7天(n=49)
例(%)χ2 P 病变分布 胸膜下 27(56.3) 83(79.0) 8.473 0.004 78(75.0) 32(65.3) 1.549 0.213 胸膜内 41(85.4) 99(94.3) 2.290 0.130 96(92.3) 44(89.8) 0.044 0.834 血管周 38(79.2) 90(85.7) 1.033 0.039 87(83.7) 41(83.7) 0.000 0.998 混合性 33(68.7) 89(84.8) 5.227 0.022 83(79.8) 39(79.6) 0.001 0.975 对称性 22(45.8) 58(55.2) 25.734 0.000 56(53.8) 24(49.0) 0.316 0.574 非叶段性 42(87.5) 93(88.6) 0.036 0.849 89(85.6) 43(87.8) 0.133 0.715 病变大小 ≦10 mm 42(87.5) 46(43.8) 25.734 0.000 86(82.7) 40(81.6) 0.026 0.873 10~30 mm 36(75.0) 22(21.0) 40.881 0.000 89(85.6) 39(79.6) 0.873 0.350 >30 mm 20(41.7) 16(15.2) 12.787 0.000 69(66.3) 29(59.2) 0.742 0.389 混合 38(79.2) 84(80.0) 0.014 0.905 86(82.7) 36(73.5) 1.754 0.185 病变形态 小结节 40(83.3) 84(80.0) 0.238 0.625 85(81.7) 39(79.6) 0.099 0.753 斑片状 38(79.2) 89(84.8) 0.731 0.393 89(85.6) 38(77.6) 1.521 0.217 大片状 16(33.3) 68(64.8) 13.141 0.000 59(56.7) 25(51.0) 0.439 0.508 束带状 6(12.5) 50(47.6) 17.508 0.000 38(36.5) 18(36.7) 0.001 0.981 混合性 39(81.3) 98(93.3) 5.136 0.023 94(90.4) 44(89.8) 0.000 1.000 病变密度/例 GGO 41(85.4) 99(94.3) 2.290 0.130 96(92.3) 44(89.8) 0.044 0.834 实变 25(52.1) 45(42.9) 1.130 0.288 33(31.7) 35(75.5) 21.258 0.000 网格影 31(64.6) 91(86.7) 9.943 0.002 77(74.0) 45(91.8) 6.531 0.011 蜂窝影 1(2.1) 10(9.5) 1.732 0.188 3(2.9) 8(16.3) 7.117 0.008 病变边缘/例 模糊 32(66.7) 51(48.6) 4.346 0.037 56(53.8) 27(55.1) 0.021 0.884 不规则 26(54.2) 47(44.8) 1.168 0.280 53(50) 29(59.2) 0.905 0.341 毛刺 10(20.8) 21(20.0) 0.014 0.905 19(18.3) 12(24.5) 0.798 0.372 伴随病变/例 机化灶 29(60.4) 59(56.2) 0.241 0.624 56(53.8) 32(65.3) 1.790 0.181 间质纤维化 27(56.3) 72(68.6) 2.190 0.139 58(55.8) 41(83.7) 11.356 0.001 气道异常 39(81.3) 74(70.5) 1.980 0.159 77(74.0) 36(73.5) 0.006 0.940 血管增粗 45(93.8) 99(94.3) 0.000 1.000 99(95.2) 45(91.8) 0.207 0.649 胸膜增厚 24(50.0) 84(80.0) 14.280 0.000 70(67.3) 38(77.6) 1.683 0.194 胸水形成 1(2.1) 4(3.8) - 1.000 3(2.9) 2(4.1) - 0.656 -
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