Research on the Edge Feature Enhancement of Fluvial Reservoirs Based on Image Processing
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摘要: 河道边缘的识别是河流相储层精细描述的重点。受河道叠置、交叉,砂体厚度薄,地震信噪比、分辨率低等因素影响,传统的切片解释、相干技术难以满足精细勘探的需求,新发展的基于算子处理的边缘检测仍存在应用误区。本文以分析河道边缘的几何特征为切入点,明确一阶导数、模值及二阶导数的物理含义;建立具有不同速度特征的三维河道模型,并通过模型与实际资料相干属性的提取,指出该项技术在河道精细描述中存在的问题。针对该问题以Sobel算子为例,图解说明使用此项技术处理后河道边缘的标志性特征,提出采用直方图均衡化与模糊集理论的河道边缘相干增强技术,并取得较好的应用效果。该方法技术对深化河道边缘特征的认识,提高河流相储层识别能力,有一定的借鉴作用。Abstract: The identification of channel edge is the key aspect of fine description of fluvial reservoirs. Affected by the factors such as channel overlaying and crossing, thin sand body thickness, low seismic signal-to-noise ratio, and low resolution, the traditional slice interpretation and coherence technology can barely meet the requirements of fine exploration, and the newly developed edge detection based on operator processing still has application misconceptions. In this study, the geometric characteristics of river edges are analyzed as the entry point, and the physical meanings of first derivatives, module values, and second derivatives are clarified. Three-dimensional channel models with different velocity characteristics are established by extracting the coherence attributes of the model and real data; the existing problems of this technique in the fine description of channels are identified. To solve this problem, considering the Sobel operator as an example, the symbolic characteristics of the channel edge after using this technology are illustrated. The coherent enhancement technique for channel edge identification using histogram equalization and the fuzzy set theory is proposed, and good application results are obtained. This method can be used as reference to deepen the understanding of channel edge characteristics and improve the ability to identify fluvial reservoirs.
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Key words:
- fluvial reservoir /
- edge features /
- Sobel operator /
- histogram equalization /
- fuzzy enhancement
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表 1 特征值相干不同表征公式
Table 1. Different characterization formulas of eigenvalue coherence
时间 作者 表征公式 物理含义 1999 Gersztenkorn
和Marfurt${C_{31}} = \displaystyle \dfrac{{{\lambda _1}}}{{\sum\limits_{j = 1}^J {{\lambda _j}} }}$ 用最大特征值在所有特征值中的占比来表示相干 2000 Randen等 ${C_{32} } = \displaystyle \dfrac{ {2{\lambda _2} } }{ { {\lambda _1} + {\lambda _3} } } - 1 = \dfrac{ { {\lambda _2} - {\lambda _3} - ( { {\lambda _1} - {\lambda _2} } )} }{ { {\lambda _1} + {\lambda _3} } }$ 被称为“chaos”的相干属性 2002 Bakker ${C_{33} } = \displaystyle \dfrac{ {2{\lambda _2}( { {\lambda _2} - {\lambda _3} })} }{ {( { {\lambda _1} + {\lambda _2} } )( { {\lambda _2} + {\lambda _3} } )} }$ 重点考虑第2特征值和第3特征值的差异 2007 Donias等 ${C_{34} } = 1 - \displaystyle \dfrac{3}{2}\dfrac{ { {\lambda _2} + {\lambda _3} } }{ { {\lambda _1} + {\lambda _2} + {\lambda _3} } } = \dfrac{ { {\lambda _1} - {\lambda _2} + {\lambda _1} - {\lambda _3} } }{ {2( { {\lambda _1} + {\lambda _2} + {\lambda _3} } )} }$ “disorder”相干属性 2017 Wu ${C_{35}} = \displaystyle \dfrac{{{\lambda _1}{{ - }}{\lambda _2}}}{{{\lambda _1}}}$ 利用第1特征值和第2特征值的差异 -
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