Imaging Features and Dynamic Changes of Chest Computed Tomography in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants
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摘要: 目的:探讨新型冠状病毒奥密克戎(Omicron)变异株感染者胸部CT表现及短期动态变化。方法:纳入2022年11月至2023年1月在首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院确诊的200例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者,根据临床分型分为轻型组、中型组和重型/危重型组,回顾性分析其临床、实验室和胸部CT资料。结果:200例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中,临床表现以发热、咳嗽咳痰、咽痛、乏力为主。轻型组与中型组之间、轻型组与重型/危重型组之间外周血白细胞计数值比较差异有统计学意义。轻型组与中型组之间、轻型组与重型/危重型组之间红细胞沉降率值比较差异有统计学意义。轻型组病变以胸膜下分布为主(53.6%),中型组(77.9%)和重型/危重型组(88.9%)病变以混合型分布为主。铺路石征在轻型组和重型/危重型组之间、轻型组和中型组之间差异有统计学意义。支气管充气征在3组之间差异均有统计学意义。发病与首次胸部CT不同间隔时间内磨玻璃密度影(GGO)的出现频率均最高,间隔时间大于4 d的患者肺内GGO伴实变/实变、支气管充气征的比例逐渐增加。铺路石征在间隔时间5~9 d内出现比例最高(95.4%),之后比例下降。间隔时间≥14 d的患者肺内索条影出现频率、胸膜增厚及胸腔积液的比例增加。GGO、GGO伴铺路石征、GGO伴实变或实变和索条出现的中位时间为4 d(2 d,7 d)、9 d(7 d,11 d),13 d(10 d,16 d)和16 d(13 d,19 d)。结论:胸部CT能够反映新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者病变分布、病变形态和动态影像发展和转归,有助于临床治疗决策的制定和疗效评价。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings and dynamic changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Methods: 200 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were collected in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2022 to January 2023. These patients were divided into mild group, moderate group and severe/critical group according to the clinical classification. All patients’ clinical, laboratory and chest CT data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among 200 cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, the main clinical manifestations were fever, cough, sore throat and fatigue. There was a statistically significant difference in white blood cell count between the mild group and the medium group, and between the mild group and the severe/critical group. There were significant differences in erythrocyte sedimentation rate between mild and moderate groups, and between mild and severe/critical groups. Most of the lesions in mild group were subpleural (53.6%), while most of the lesions in moderate group (77.9%) and severe/critical group (88.9%) were mixed. The crazy-paving sign was statistically significant between the mild and severe/critical groups, and between the mild and moderate groups. There were significant differences in air bronchogram sign between the mild and the severe/critical groups, the mild and severe/critical groups , and the mild and moderate groups. The frequency of Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) was the highest at different intervals between the onset and the first chest CT. The proportion of GGO with consolidation/consolidation and air bronchogram sign gradually increased when the interval was more than 4 days. The proportion of GGO with consolidation/consolidation and air bronchogram sign gradually increased when the interval was more than 4 days. The highest proportion (95.4%) of crazy-paving sign appeared within the interval of 5-9 days, after which the proportion decreased. The frequency of irregular linear opacities, the proportion of pleural thickening and pleural effusion increased in patients with an interval more than 14 days. The median times to occurrence of GGO, GGO with crazy-paving sign, GGO with consolidation or consolidation and irregular linear opacities respectively were 4 days (2 days, 7 days), 9 days (7 days, 11 days), 13 days (10 days, 16 days) and 16 days (13 days, 19 days). Conclusions: Chest CT can reflect the distribution, morphology, dynamic imaging development and outcome of lesions in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which is helpful for clinical treatment decision-making and efficacy evaluation.
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Keywords:
- coronavirus disease 2019 /
- the Omicron variants /
- chest /
- computer tomography /
- nucleic acid
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图 1 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者胸部CT征象
(a)男性,66岁,发病到CT检查时间为4 d,双肺多发混合分布的类圆形GGO;(b)男性,68岁,发病到CT检查时间为11 d,双肺上叶及右肺下叶见混合分布的扇形GGO伴铺路石征,内可见支气管充气征,邻近胸膜略增厚;(c)男性,77岁,发病到CT检查时间为15 d,双肺混合分布的扇形磨玻璃密度影伴部分实变,内可见支气管充气征,邻近肋胸膜增厚;(d)男性,60岁,发病到CT检查时间为17 d,双肺混合分布的不规则形实变影伴索条,邻近肋胸膜增厚;(e)男性,72岁,发病到CT检查时间为16 d,右肺下叶胸膜下可见不规则实变伴索条影;(f)男性,76岁,发病到CT检查时间为11 d,左肺上叶尖后段胸膜下见类圆形实变影。
Figure 1. Chest CT images of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant strains
表 1 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者一般资料和临床表现
Table 1 General data and clinical manifestations of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
临床表现 组别 统计检验 轻型/例(%) 中型/例(%) 重型/危重型/例(%) $\chi ^{2}$ P 人数 35 109 56 性别 男 15(42.9) 58(53.2) 44(78.6) 14.076 0.001 女 20(57.1) 51(46.8) 12(21.4) 发热 17(48.6) 94(86.2) 54(96.4) 36.487 0.001 咳嗽/咳痰 17(48.6) 91(83.5) 42(75.0) 17.225 0.001 咽痛 5(14.3) 37(33.9) 14(25.0) 5.426 0.066 乏力 6(17.1) 37(33.9) 20(35.7) 4.106 0.128 肌肉酸痛 6(17.1) 27(24.8) 12(21.4) 0.935 0.627 畏寒/寒战 4(11.4) 26(23.9) 15(26.8) 3.165 0.205 鼻塞、流涕 1(2.9) 23(21.1) 7(12.5) 7.267 0.026 头痛 0(0.0) 9(8.3) 5(8.9) 3.380 0.211 呼吸困难/喘憋 2(5.7) 22(20.2) 11(19.6) 4.089 0.129 恶心/呕吐 3(8.6) 7(6.4) 1(1.8) 2.404 0.308 腹泻 2(5.7) 8(7.3) 5(8.9) 0.347 0.874 嗅觉异常 1(2.9) 6(5.5) 1(1.8) 1.131 0.695 味觉异常 1(2.9) 8(7.3) 2(3.6) 1.147 0.581 合并基础疾病 32(91.4) 100(91.7) 53(94.6) 0.567 0.815 表 2 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者组间实验室检查比较
Table 2 Comparison of inflammatory markers and CT values of nucleic acid in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants between mild, moderate group and severe/critical groups
实验室指标 组别 统计检验 轻型 中型 重型/危重型 H P C-反应蛋白值/(mg/L) 33.900(19.8) 46.900(22.9) 55.200(22.7) 4.766 0.092 外周血白细胞计数值/(×109/L) 4.380(3.4) 10.904(4.2) 6.235(4.3) 7.771 0.008 淋巴细胞计数值/(×109/L) 0.750(0.6) 0.920(0.6) 0.725(0.5) 5.970 0.054 红细胞沉降率值/(mm/h) 23.000(11.0) 38.500(16.0) 42.0(32.0) 21.448 0.001 白细胞介素-6值/(pg/mL) 53.776(30.7) 35.920(29.3) 29.265(17.0) 0.646 0.724 降钙素原值/(ng/mL) 0.050(0.1) 0.050(0.1) 0.060(0.1) 0.466 0.792 ORF1ab基因 24.764±5.519* 28.966(26.1) 28.966(26.2) 20.860 0.001 N基因 24.289±5.748* 29.098±5.216* 28.387(26.2) 17.886 0.001 注:*-轻型ORF1ab基因及N基因组、中型N基因组为正态分布资料,其余均为非正态分布资料。 表 3 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者首次胸部CT肺内病变分布
Table 3 Distribution of lung lesions in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants on the first chest CT
病变分布 组别 统计检验 轻型/例(%) 中型/例(%) 重型/危重
型/例(%)$\chi ^{2}$ P 病灶分布 胸膜下分布 15(53.6) 23(22.1) 6(11.1) 18.717 0.001 中央型分布 0 0 0 混合分布 13(46.4) 81(77.9) 48(88.9) 18.717 0.001 病灶累及肺叶数量 0 7(20.0) 5(4.6) 2(3.6) 8.579 0.009 1 4(11.4) 3(2.8) 0(0.0) 6.799 0.016 2 5(14.3) 8(7.3) 0(0.0) 8.100 0.010 3 5(14.3) 4(3.7) 3(5.4) 4.709 0.086 4 4(11.4) 12(11.0) 3(5.4) 1.595 0.460 5 10(28.6) 77(70.6) 48(85.7) 33.137 0.001 受累肺叶 右肺上叶 23(65.7) 94(86.2) 53(94.6) 14.425 0.001 右肺中叶 19(54.3) 91(83.5) 52(92.9) 21.783 0.001 右肺下叶 27(77.1) 102(93.6) 55(98.2) 11.305 0.002 左肺上叶 19(54.3) 95(87.2) 55(98.2) 33.024 0.001 左肺下叶 24(68.6) 105(96.3) 55(98.2) 22.727 0.001 两肺受累侧别 双侧 23(82.1) 96(92.3) 54(100.0) 15.818 0.001 单侧 5(17.9) 8(7.7) 0(0.0) 8.100 0.010 表 4 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者首次CT肺内病变影像特征
Table 4 Imaging features of pulmonary lesions in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants on the first chest CT
影像征象 合计/例(%) 组别 统计检验 轻型 中型 重型/危重型 $\chi ^{2}$ P 类圆形 45(22.5) 5(14.3) 28(25.7) 12(21.4) 1.150 0.563 扇形 46(23.0) 7(20.0) 22(20.2) 16(29.6) 1.404 0.496 不规则形 95(47.5) 16(57.1) 54(49.5) 26(46.4) 0.606 0.738 GGO* 183(91.5) 27(77.1) 103(94.5) 53(94.6) 1.679 0.553 铺路石征 165(82.5) 18(51.4) 96(88.1) 51(91.1) 14.995 0.001 GGO伴实变/实变 89(44.5) 9(25.7) 49(45.0 ) 31(55.4) 4.768 0.092 支气管充气征 145(72.5) 9(25.7) 85(78.0) 51(91.1) 43.605 0.001 GGO内支气管充气征 133(66.5) 5(14.3) 82(75.2) 46(82.1) 47.262 0.001 实变内支气管充气征 76(38.0) 4(11.4) 43(39.5) 29(51.8) 11.879 0.003 索条 55(27.5) 6(17.1) 35(32.1) 14(25.0) 2.068 0.356 胸膜增厚 116(58.0) 20(57.0) 57(52.0) 39(70.0) 5.746 0.057 胸腔积液 60(30.0) 10(28.6) 34(31.2) 16(28.6) 0.333 0.847 注:*-GGO代表磨玻璃密度影。 表 5 新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染者发病与首次CT不同间隔时间肺内病变影像特征
Table 5 Imaging features of pulmonary lesions at different intervals between onset of symptoms and the first CT scan in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
影像征象/例(%) 组别 统计检验 ≤4 d 5~9 d 10~13 d ≥14 d $\chi ^{2}$ P 人数 54(27.0) 65(32.5) 36(18.0) 45(22.5) GGO* 44(81.5) 63(96.9) 35(97.2) 43(95.6) 10.271 0.010 铺路石征 38(70.4) 62(95.4) 33(91.7) 40(88.9) 15.484 0.001 GGO伴实变/实变 20(37.0) 26(40.0) 18(50.0) 34(75.6) 17.912 0.001 支气管充气征 24(44.4) 48(73.8) 29(80.6) 44(97.8) 36.971 0.001 GGO内支气管充气征 21(38.9) 48(73.8) 29(80.6) 39(86.7) 32.112 0.001 实变内支气管充气征 9(16.7) 21(32.3) 29(80.6) 32(71.1) 52.410 0.001 索条 8(14.8) 16(24.6) 10(27.8) 19(42.2) 9.645 0.022 胸膜增厚 18(33.3) 20(30.8) 16(44.4) 38(84.4) 36.368 0.001 胸腔积液 10(18.5) 14(21.5) 12(33.3) 16(35.6) 5.385 0.146 注:*-GGO代表磨玻璃密度影。 -
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