工程折射波勘探观测系统的优选与实践研究

石川; 孙茂锐; 陈超; 郑凯; 朱伟

doi:10.15953/j.ctta.2024.199

工程折射波勘探观测系统的优选与实践研究

石川^1,,
孙茂锐¹,
陈超¹,
郑凯²,
朱伟^2, ,

1.
安徽省交通规划设计研究总院股份有限公司，合肥 230088
2.
长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院，武汉 430100

基金项目: 安徽省交通规划设计研究总院股份有限公司科研项目（综合物探技术在花岗岩地区公路工程勘察中的研究及应用（NO.HF220191））。

详细信息

作者简介:
石川，男，工程师，主要从事岩土与勘察等方面研究工作，E-mail：1013699358@qq.com

通讯作者:
朱伟✉，男，副教授，主要从事地震勘探方面研究工作，E-mail：heathzhuwei@126.com。

中图分类号: P631.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-09
- 修回日期: 2024-10-25
- 录用日期: 2024-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-02-07

Optimization and Verification of Observation Systems in Engineering Refraction Seismic Prospecting

1.
Anhui Transport Consulting & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
2.
College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

摘要

摘要:
在横向非均质性较强的山区进行工程折射波勘探时，通常采用在检波器排列内放炮的观测系统，并通过初至层析方法反演速度剖面。但当测线较长需要移动排列采集数据时，相邻排列的衔接方式对速度反演和地质解释的影响尚不明确。本文以数值模拟方法研究了相邻排列首尾相接、相邻排列首尾相接并布置排列外炮点和相邻排列部分重叠三种类型的观测系统。基于垂向梯度速度模型中射线覆盖范围定性分析、起伏界面两层地质模型射线正反演和野外实测数据反演，从反演效果和野外工作量两个方面对三种观测系统进行了对比分析和优选。研究结果表明，相邻排列首尾相接并设置排列外炮点的观测系统的反演效果最好、野外工作量最少，是最优的观测系统。
- 折射波勘探 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 初至层析反演 /
- 排列 /
- 观测系统
Abstract:
in engineering seismic refraction exploration in mountainous areas with strong transverse heterogeneity, an observation system with shots distributed in receivers array is often employed. The velocity profile is then inverted from first-arrival times using ray tomography. However, in the case of a long survey line, the influence of the connecting mode of adjacent arrays on the field workload and inverted profile has not been investigated in detail and clearly. This paper examines three observation systems: adjacent arrays connected head to tail, adjacent arrays connected head to tail and with out-array shots, and adjacent arrays with partial overlap. Through an analysis of the ray coverage in a vertical gradient velocity model, the ray tracing and inversion on the two-layer model, and the inversion of the field data, the inversion quality and field workload of the three observation systems are evaluated comprehensively. Because of its best inversion effect and the lowest field burden, the system with adjacent arrays connected head to tail and with out-array shots is considered to be optimal observation system.
- seismic refraction exploration /
- numerical simulation /
- first arrival time tomography /
- array /
- observation system

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图 1 垂向梯度速度模型中的三种观测系统的地下射线分布范围示意图

Figure 1. Subsurface ray distribution of the three observation systems in vertical gradient velocity model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 选用模型和观测系统示意图

Figure 2. Diagram of the model and observation system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 观测系统②的初至时距曲线及其射线分布图

注：零时刻处的彩色方块表示炮点，其对应的初至波时距曲线与具有其相同的颜色。排列外炮点与邻近的排列端点之间没有初至时间数据。各炮的初至时间与炮检距、炮检范围内地下界面起伏状态有关。

Figure 3. The first-arrival time-distance curves and ray distributions of the second observation system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 5个观测系统的初至数据反演的速度剖面对比图

Figure 4. Inverted velocity profiles of the five observation systems

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 同一野外观测数据筛选出的5个数据集时距曲线图。

注：炮点用彩色方块表示，与其对应的初至时距曲线具有与其相同的颜色。图中，Array-1表示排列①；Array-2表示排列②；Array-3表示排列③。

Figure 5. Five sub-datasets filtered from the same first-break-time dataset

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 5个数据集的初至层析反演剖面对比图

Figure 6. Inverted profiles of the five datasets.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 数值模拟试验所用观测系统的检波器排列数量和炮点数量统计表

Table 1 Number of geophone arrays and shot-points of the observation systems in simulations

观测系统序号	观测系统类型	排列数量	炮点数量
①	相邻排列首尾相接	3	15
②	相邻排列首尾相接,两侧排列内侧有2个炮点，中间排列两侧各有2个炮点	3	23
③	相邻排列首尾相接,两侧排列内侧有1个炮点，中间排列两侧各有1个炮点	3	19
④	相邻排列部分重叠	4	20

下载: 导出CSV

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