Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of an ultra-high resolution detector combined with a deep learning reconstruction algorithm, ClearInfinity (CI), on the image quality of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Seven fresh cadaveric head specimens were scanned using the NeuViz Epoch Elite CT scanner, with two ultra-high resolution collimation widths (76 × 0.156 mm and 128 × 0.3125 mm). For each collimation width, filtered back projection (FBP), adaptive iterative reconstruction ClearView (CV) 60%, and deep learning reconstruction algorithm CI60% were applied, resulting in six sets of images. The image quality was assessed by comparing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and subjective scores using a double-blind method, followed by a statistical analysis. Results: In the objective evaluation, the CNR of the condyle and joint for the 0.156 mm collimation width images were significantly higher than those for the 0.3125 mm collimation width images. The CNR of the condyle and SNRs of the condyle joint in the CI60% images were significantly higher than those obtained using other algorithms. In the subjective evaluation, the scores for the condylar cortical bone and joint fossa in the 0.156 mm collimation width images were significantly higher than those in the 0.3125 mm collimation width images. The subjective scores for condylar cortical bone, trabecular bone, joint eminence, and joint fossa in the CI60% images were significantly higher than those obtained using other algorithms, and the inter-rater consistency was good (Kappa≥0.75). Conclusion: The 0.156 mm ultra-high resolution detector combined with the deep learning algorithm CI could significantly improve the resolution and contrast of TMJ CT images, reduce noise and artifacts, and show promising clinical application prospects.