Abstract: The natural source surface wave exploration technology has the characteristics of no source, large exploration depth and strong anti-interference ability. At present, the application of natural source surface wave method is mainly applied in the open suburban area, but less used in urban exploration. In this paper, we analyzed the application of natural source surface wave technology in urban engineering investigation, and the potential application in mid depth geophysical exploration, especially in urban earth object, such as the application of the rock contact zone detection of the engineering site of Beijing Winter Olympics, the fault fracture zone survey for the NS Water Diversion project the depth of overlying sediments for Drainage and Storage Gallery project of Beijing. We finally proposed that the nature source surface wave exploration technology plays an irreplaceable role in geophysical exploration of urban engineering and underground space.