Imaging Features of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 with/without Underlying Diseases
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摘要: 目的:探讨合并基础病和未合并基础病的新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)患者的影像学特征。材料与方法:回顾性收集首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院于2022年11月16日至2022年12月16确诊为COVID-19的患者153例。患者均自发病后1~14 d行胸部薄层CT平扫检查。根据或者有无基础病将其分为两组,其中合并基础病患者42例,未合并基础病患者111例,对比分析两组患者的差异。结果:两组患者在发病年龄、咳嗽、双肺分布、弥漫性分布、肺内蜂窝样改变、斑片状分布、大片状分布、束带样分布、铺路石征、空气支气管征、牵拉性支气管扩张及胸腔积液上差异有统计学意义。结论:COVID-19患者临床以发热和咳嗽症状最多见,胸部CT可见双肺多发病灶,病灶类型以支气管血管束增厚及GGO为著。合并基础病的患者在蜂窝样改变、铺路石征、空气支气管征、牵拉性支气管扩张及胸腔积液上较未合并基础病的患者更多。胸部薄层CT扫描对疾病的早期发现及诊断提供了关键的参考。Abstract: Objective: To explore the imaging characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) combined with different underlying diseases. Materials and methods: COVID-19 was diagnosed in 153 patients at Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from November 16, 2022 to December 16, 2022, and data were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent chest CT scan from 1 to 14 days after onset and were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of underlying diseases. Forty-three patients had underlying diseases, and 110 patients had none. We compared the differences between the two groups. Result: The comparison between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in age, cough, bilateral lung distribution, diffuse distribution, honeycomb-like changes in the lungs, patchy distribution, large patchy distribution, band distribution, crazy-paving sign, air bronchogram sign, traction bronchiectasis, and pleural effusion. Conclusion: Fever and cough are the most common clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Chest CT showed multiple lesions in both lungs. The most common types of lesions were thickening of bronchovascular bundle and GGO. Patients with underlying diseases had more honeycomb-like changes, crazy-paving sign, air bronchogram sign, traction bronchiectasis, and pleural effusion than those without underlying diseases. Chest thin-slice CT scan provides a key reference for the early detection and diagnosis of the disease.
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Keywords:
- X-ray computer /
- tomography /
- COVID-19 /
- underlying disease
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表 1 是否合并基础病的COVID-19患者一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data of COVID-19 patients with or without underlying diseases
一般情况 组别 统计检验 A组(n=42)/例(%) B组(n=111)/例(%) $\chi^2$ P 性别 男性 25(59.5) 56(50.5) 1.007 0.316 女性 17(40.5) 55(49.5) 发病中位数年龄/岁(四分位间距) 83.0(11.0) 63.0(16.0) - <0.001 病程/d ≤7 29(69.0) 75(67.6) 0.031 0.861 >7 13(31.0) 36(32.4) 表 2 是否合并基础病的COVID-19患者临床症状比较
Table 2 Comparison of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients with or without underlying diseases
临床症状 组别 统计检验 A组(n=42) B组(n=111) $\chi^2$ P 发热 16(38.1) 51(45.9) 0.763 0.382 胸闷 6(14.3) 29(26.1) 2.421 0.120 咳嗽 7(16.7) 41(36.9) 5.815 0.016 肌肉酸痛 0(0.0) 1(0.9) - 1.000 骨痛 0(0.0) 1(0.9) - 1.000 表 3 是否合并基础病的COVID-19患者肺内病灶分布情况对比
Table 3 Comparison of lesion distribution of COVID-19 patients with or without underlying diseases
分布情况 组别 统计检验 A组(n=42) B组(n=111) $\chi^2$ P 数量 单发 1(2.4) 5(4.5) 0.019 0.891 多发 41(97.6) 106(95.5) 0.019 0.891 累及部位 单叶 1(2.4) 16(14.4) 3.332 0.068 单肺 2(4.8) 6(5.4) 0.000 1.000 双肺 40(95.2) 88(79.3) 3.836 0.050 分布 胸膜下 32(76.2) 77(69.4) 0.692 0.405 胸膜内 39(92.9) 101(91.0) 0.002 0.964 弥漫性 35(83.3) 11(9.9) 78.125 <0.001 血管束 38(90.5) 90(81.1) 1.968 0.161 对称分布 26(61.9) 54(48.6) 2.146 0.143 非叶段分布 39(92.9) 90(81.1) 3.195 0.074 表 4 是否合并基础病的COVID-19患者肺内异常征象比对
Table 4 Comparison of abnormal pulmonary signs in COVID-19 patients with or without underlying diseases
影像学征象 组别 统计检验 A组(n=42) B组(n=111) $\chi^2$ P 病变类型 GGO 41(97.6) 99(89.2) 1.806 0.179 实变 19(45.2) 50(45.0) 0.000 0.983 网格 37(88.1) 85(76.6) 2.502 0.114 蜂窝 7(16.7) 4(3.6) 5.958 0.015 血管束增厚 42(100.0) 102(91.9) 2.302 0.129 混合 41(97.6) 95(85.6) 3.332 0.068 病变形态 结节 31(73.8) 93(83.8) 1.973 0.160 肿块 1(2.4) 1(0.9) - 0.475 树芽 11(26.2) 42(37.8) 1.826 0.177 斑片 39(92.9) 88(79.3) 3.982 0.046 大片 32(76.2) 52(46.8) 10.597 0.001 束带样 24(57.1) 32(28.8) 10.527 0.001 混合 40(95.2) 93(83.8) 3.518 0.061 病灶边缘 模糊 19(45.2) 63(56.8) 1.626 0.202 不规则 18(42.9) 54(48.6) 0.410 0.522 分叶 1(2.4) 15(13.5) 2.932 0.087 毛刺 21(50.0) 46(41.4) 0.907 0.341 伴随征象 晕征 31(73.8) 80(72.1) 0.046 0.830 反晕征 17(40.5) 38(34.2) 0.516 0.473 铺路石征 34(81.0) 54(48.6) 13.013 0.000 空气支气管征 37(88.1) 72(64.9) 8.026 0.005 空气潴留征 15(35.7) 34(30.6) 0.362 0.548 马赛克征 24(57.1) 44(39.6) 3.781 0.052 牵拉性支气管扩张 29(69.0) 54(48.6) 5.109 0.024 胸腔积液 4(9.5) 1(0.9) - 0.022 -
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