The Clinical Value of Thin-section Chest Computed Tomography Scan for the Classification of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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摘要: 目的:探讨胸部薄层CT平扫在新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)分型中的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2022年12月20日至2022年12月31日于我院感染科诊断为COVID-19的134例患者,所有患者均行胸部薄层CT平扫检查,并具有完整的临床资料。根据临床分型将患者分为非重症组和重症组,对比分析两组患者的临床资料和肺部影像学特征并进行统计学分析。结果:两组间合并糖尿病的差异具有统计学意义,且重症组(45.8%)合并糖尿病的发生率高于非重症组(25.5%);两组间性别、年龄、平均病程及临床症状的差异均无统计学意义;两组之间病变数量、对称性分布、周围为主分布、弥漫分布、边缘模糊、大片状、束带状、血管束增厚、铺路石征、拱廊征以及煎蛋征的差异有统计学意义;重症组的病灶数量>10个、弥漫分布、大片状、束带状、血管束增厚、铺路石征、拱廊征的发生率高于非重症组,而非重症组的周围为主分布、边缘模糊以及煎蛋征的发生率高于重症组。结论:胸部薄层CT平扫能够明确新冠患者肺部异常影像学表现,评估病变的数量、分布范围及形态特点,合并基础病、病变数量、分布特点、边缘模糊、大片状、束带状、血管束增厚及铺路石征、拱廊征、煎蛋征等特殊征象能有效提示COVID-19分型,为COVID-19的诊治提供更多影像依据。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical value of thin-section chest computed tomography (CT) in the typing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 134 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in our hospital’s Department of Infectious Diseases from December 20, 2022, to December 31, 2022. All patients underwent thin-section chest CT scan with complete clinical data. According to clinical classification, patients were divided into the non-severe and severe groups. Clinical data and imaging features of the two groups were compared and analyzed, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: There was a statistically significant difference with respect to diabetes mellitus between the two groups, and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the severe group (45.8%) was higher than that in the non-severe group (25.5%); There were no significant differences in sex, age, average course of disease, and clinical symptoms between the two groups; There were significant differences in the number of lesions, symmetrical distribution, predominant peripheral distribution, diffuse distribution, blurred edge, morphology of large flake and band, vascular bundle thickening, paving stone sign, arcade sign, and fried egg sign between the two groups, the number of lesions >10, diffuse distribution, morphology of large flake and band, vascular bundle thickening, paving stone sign, and arcade sign were more common in the severe group than in the non-severe group, while predominant peripheral distribution, blurred edge, and fried egg sign were more common in the non-severe group than in the severe group. Conclusions: Thin-section chest CT scan can identify the abnormal imaging manifestations of the lung in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the number, distribution range, and morphological characteristics of the lesions. Combined background diseases, number, distribution characteristics, blurred edge, large flake and band morphology, vascular bundle thickening, paving stone sign, arcade sign, and fried egg sign can effectively indicate the classification of patients with COVID-19. This can provide imaging evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Keywords:
- X-ray computer /
- tomography /
- COVID-19 /
- classification
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图 1 患者,男,非重症组,41岁,发热5 d,伴咽痛、流涕、咳嗽,Tmax 38.2℃,SPO2 98%。右肺背侧胸膜下见不规则煎蛋征(亚实性结节)(黑箭)
Figure 1. A 41-year-old male patient in the non-critical group had a fever for 5 days, accompanied by sore throat, running nose, cough, Tmax 38.2℃, and SPO2 98%. Irregular fried egg sign is observed in the right dorsal subpleural area (black arrow)
图 3 患者,女,非重症组,74岁,间断发热1周余,伴口干、厌食,Tmax 38.2℃,SPO2 98%。双下肺见不规则斑片状实变及磨玻璃密度影
Figure 3. A 74-year-old female patient in the non-critical group had an intermittent fever for more than 1 week, accompanied by dry mouth and anorexia, Tmax 38.2℃, and SPO2 98%. Irregular patchy high-density shadows are observed in both lower lungs
图 4 患者,男,重症组,68岁,发热1周,伴咽痒、咳嗽,Tmax 39.3℃,SPO2 95%。右肺可见大片状磨玻璃密度影,胸膜内分布,可见胸膜下黑线(黑箭)
Figure 4. A 68-year-old male patient in the critical group had a fever for 1 week accompanied by an itchy throat and cough, Tmax 39.3℃, and SPO2 95%. A large flake of ground-glass opacity is seen in the right lung, distributed within the pleura, with a black subpleural line(black arrow)
图 5 患者,女,重症组,87岁,咳嗽数天,发热1 h,Tmax 39.0℃,SPO2 89%~90%。右肺见斑片状实变及磨玻璃密度影,边缘略模糊,局部可见拱廊征(黑箭)
Figure 5. An 87-year-old female patient in the critical group had a fever for 1 hour with cough for several days, Tmax 39.0℃, and SPO2 89%~90%. Patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacity are seen in the right lung, with slightly blurred edges and arcade-like sign (black arrow)
图 6 患者,女,重症组,83岁,发热7 d,伴咳嗽、咳痰,Tmax 39.0℃,SPO2 90.1%。双肺周围对称性分布片状磨玻璃密度影,其内可见铺路石征
Figure 6. An 83-year-old female patient in the critical group had a fever for 7 days with cough and sputum, Tmax 39.0℃, and SPO2 90.1%. The ground-glass opacities are symmetrically distributed around both lungs, and the paving stone sign can be seen within them
图 7 患者,女,重症组,74岁,发热13 d,伴腹泻、呕吐、全身酸痛、咳嗽,Tmax 37.4℃。双肺多发实变影,沿支气管血管束分布,边缘清楚
Figure 7. A 74-year-old female patient in the critical group had a fever for 13 days, accompanied by diarrhea, emesis, body ache, cough, and Tmax 37.4℃. Multiple consolidations in both lungs are distributed along the bronchial vascular bundle with clear edges
表 1 134例新冠病毒感染患者的临床特点
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 134 patients with COVID-19
项目 组别 P 非重症组(n=110) 重症组(n=24) 年龄 68.5±15.2 74.3±12.6 0.090 性别 男 58(52.7) 15(62.5) 0.384 女 52(47.3) 9(37.5) 0.384 平均病程/d 5.0 5.0 0.970 临床特征/例 发热 104(94.5) 22(91.7) 0.949 咳嗽 100(90.9) 20(83.3) 0.465 咽痛 35(31.8) 7(29.2) 0.800 胸闷 11(10.0) 3(12.5) 1.000 肌痛 17(15.5) 4(16.7) 1.000 腹泻 8(7.3) 1(4.2) 0.920 纳差 2(1.8) 1(4.2) 0.450 合并基础病/例 67(60.9) 20(83.3) 0.037 基础病类型/例 高血压 42(38.2) 12(50.0) 0.285 糖尿病 28(25.5) 11(45.8) 0.046 冠心病 22(20.0) 9(37.5) 0.065 脑血管病 16(14.5) 3(12.5) 1.000 表 2 不同分型的新冠病毒感染患者的肺部CT表现
Table 2 Imaging findings of different subtypes of patients with COVID-19
项目 参数 组别 P 非重型(n=110) 重型(n=24) 数量 单个 2(1.8) 0(0.0) 1.000 多个 108(95.5) 24(100.0) 1.000 ≤5个 14(12.7) 1(4.2) 0.397 ≤10个 24(21.8) 1(4.2) 0.085 >10个 70(63.6) 22(91.7) 0.007 部位 单肺 17(15.5) 1(4.2) 0.255 单叶 10(9.1) 0(0.0) 0.268 双肺 94(85.5) 23(95.8) 0.296 分布 对称 57(51.8) 19(79.2) 0.014 非叶段 94(85.5) 23(95.8) 0.296 周围 108(98.2) 23(95.8) 0.450 膜下 76(69.1) 21(87.5) 0.068 膜内 104(94.5) 23(95.8) 1.000 中央 95(86.4) 21(87.5) 1.000 血管束 95(86.4) 21(87.5) 1.000 血管外 10(9.1) 4(16.7) 0.465 病变分布优势 上肺为主 14(12.7) 2(8.3) 0.799 下肺为主 50(45.5) 7(29.2) 0.144 周围为主 53(48.2) 5(20.8) 0.014 中央为主 20(18.2) 4(16.7) 1.000 弥漫 38(34.5) 15(62.5) 0.011 病变类型 磨玻璃 102(92.7) 24(100.0) 0.375 实变 50(45.5) 12(50.0) 0.686 网格 87(79.1) 22(91.7) 0.253 蜂窝 10(9.1) 1(4.2) 0.700 混合 100(90.9) 24(100.0) 0.268 病变边缘 模糊 62(56.4) 8(33.3) 0.041 不规则 54(49.1) 7(29.2) 0.076 光整 1(0.9) 0(0.0) 1.000 分叶 5(4.5) 0(0.0) 0.585 毛刺 24(21.8) 3(12.5) 0.453 形态类型 结节 91(82.7) 18(75.0) 0.554 树芽 42(38.2) 5(20.8) 0.107 斑片 89(80.9) 23(95.8) 0.138 大片 57(51.8) 19(79.2) 0.014 束带状 38(34.5) 17(70.8) 0.001 肿块样 0(0.0) 1(4.2) 0.179 混合 97(88.2) 23(95.8) 0.458 征象 小气道壁厚 84(76.4) 15(62.5) 0.161 血管束增厚 44(40.0) 24(100.0) 0.000 晕征 80(72.7) 18(75.0) 0.820 反晕征 39(35.5) 13(54.2) 0.088 铺路石 63(57.3) 19(79.2) 0.046 支气管充气征 78(70.9) 21(87.5) 0.094 空气潴留征 38(34.5) 6(25.0) 0.367 拱廊征 38(34.5) 15(62.5) 0.011 煎蛋征 63(57.3) 8(33.3) 0.033 胸膜凹陷征 21(19.1) 4(16.7) 1.000 胸膜尾征 54(49.1) 8(33.3) 0.161 分叶征 11(10.0) 1(4.2) 0.608 空泡征 62(56.4) 17(70.8) 0.192 毛刺征 50(45.5) 11(45.8) 0.973 内部索条 35(31.8) 4(16.7) 0.139 胸膜下黑带 59(53.6) 19(79.2) 0.022 胸膜下线 29(26.4) 4(16.7) 0.318 牵拉性支扩 61(55.5) 17(70.8) 0.166 纤维索条 75(68.2) 17(70.8) 0.800 -
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