ISSN 1004-4140
CN 11-3017/P

不同预后重症新型冠状病毒感染者临床及胸部CT影像分析

王杏, 袁丽波, 王伟, 柳娇娇, 李宏军, 陈步东

王杏, 袁丽波, 王伟, 等. 不同预后重症新型冠状病毒感染者临床及胸部CT影像分析[J]. CT理论与应用研究, 2023, 32(3): 303-312. DOI: 10.15953/j.ctta.2023.053.
引用本文: 王杏, 袁丽波, 王伟, 等. 不同预后重症新型冠状病毒感染者临床及胸部CT影像分析[J]. CT理论与应用研究, 2023, 32(3): 303-312. DOI: 10.15953/j.ctta.2023.053.
WANG X, YUAN L B, WANG W, et al. Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Patients with Severe and Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Different Prognosis[J]. CT Theory and Applications, 2023, 32(3): 303-312. DOI: 10.15953/j.ctta.2023.053. (in Chinese).
Citation: WANG X, YUAN L B, WANG W, et al. Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Patients with Severe and Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Different Prognosis[J]. CT Theory and Applications, 2023, 32(3): 303-312. DOI: 10.15953/j.ctta.2023.053. (in Chinese).

不同预后重症新型冠状病毒感染者临床及胸部CT影像分析

基金项目: 北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金资助项目(基于机器学习2019-nCOV影像免疫空间组学特征模型及临床应用(L222097))。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王杏: 女,硕士,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院主治医师,主要从事传染及感染疾病影像的相应研究,E-mail:wangxingmri@163.com

    通讯作者:

    李宏军: 男,医学博士,教授、主任医师、博士研究生导师、博士后导师,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院医学影像学中心主任,主要从事传染病放射学,E-mail:lihongjun00113@126.com

    陈步东: 男,医学博士,主任医师、硕士研究生导师,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院放射科副主任,主要从事胸部疾病影像诊断,E-mail:budongchen@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: R  814;R  563.1

Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Patients with Severe and Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Different Prognosis

  • 摘要: 目的:分析不同预后的重型及危重型新冠肺炎患者影像及临床资料,为临床决策提供帮助。方法:收集重型及危重型新冠肺炎患者的临床资料和胸部CT,临床资料包括:血常规、C反应蛋白、降钙素原(PCT)、肝肾功能、D-二聚体(D-Dimer)、心肌酶、B型氨基端利钠肽原(LNTP)、有无基础病史,比较不同预后两组新冠肺炎患者胸部CT影像及各项指标差异,对两组存在显著差异性的相关指标做二元logistic回归分析。结果:入组118例患者,死亡组68例,生存组50例,死亡组年龄大于生存组,死亡组咳痰与纳差症状的比例更高;与生存组比较,死亡组在白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞绝对值(NEUT)、单核细胞绝对值(MONO)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比积(HCT)、肾小球滤过率异常、降钙素原(PCT)、D-Dimer、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白(TNI)、B型氨基端利钠肽原(LNTP)异常的比例更高;相对于生存组,死亡组的WBC、NEUT及百分率、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW-CV)、红细胞体积分布宽度SD(RDW-SD)、PCT、D-Dimer、肌酸激酶(CK)、CK-MB、肌红蛋白(MYO)、TNI、LNTP值明显升高,而淋巴细胞百分率(%LYMPH)、单核细胞百分率(%MONO)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、肾小球滤过率明显减低。年龄、RBC、肾小球滤过率、CK-MB、MYO、LNTP是提示预后结果的主要因素;与生存组比较,死亡组患者新冠病毒感染肺炎的影像无明显差异,但初始胸部CT病变范围较大,多超过50%;生存组肺部CT病变较多位于肺外周及胸膜下,伴随病程死亡组病变多表现为进展或加重。结论:新冠病毒感染患者的年龄、血常规、肝肾功能、心肌功能、血凝状态、炎性反应物指标、肺部病变范围及进展情况是提示疾病严重程度及预后不良的重要因素;年龄、RBC、肾小球滤过率、CK-MB、MYO、LNTP的异常是提示重型及危重型患者致死性结果的主要危险因素;结合临床及实验室检查综合评估,胸部CT检查及随访是不能缺少的判断疾病严重程度及预后的重要评估方法。
    Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to analyze imaging and clinical data of patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with different prognoses and provide help for clinical decision-making. Method: Clinical data and chest imaging computed tomography (CT) of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 were collected. Clinical data included: blood routine indexes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), the indexes of liver and kidney function, D-Dimer, myocardial enzyme, B-type amino terminal natriuretic peptide (LNTP), and whether there was any underlying medical history. The chest CT images and various indexes of patients with different prognoses of COVID-19 were compared. The relevant indicators with significant differences between the two groups were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 118 patients were enrolled, including 68 in the death group and 50 in the survival group. The age of the death group was longer, and the proportion of sputum and poor tolerance was higher than that of the survival group. Compared with the survival group, in the death group, there was a higher abnormal proportion of leukocyte count (WBC), neutrophil absolute value, monocyte absolute value, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, erythrocyte ratio, abnormal glomerular filtration rate, PCT, D-Dimer, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK), troponin (TNI), LNTP. Compared with the survival group, WBC, NEUT and percentage, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, erythrocyte volume distribution width, erythrocyte volume distribution width standard deviation, PCT, D-Dimer, CK, CK-MB, myoglobin (MYO), TNI and LNTP were significantly increased in the death group, while the lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage, mean RBC hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and glomerular filtration rate were significantly lower. Compared with the survival group, there was no significant difference in the imaging signs of COVID-19 infection in the death group, but the scope of initial chest CT lesions was larger, with more than 50%. In the survival group, more CT lesions were located in the periphery of the lung and subpleura, while in the death group, more lesions showed progression or aggravation. Age, RBC, glomerular filtration rate, CK-MB, MYO, and LNTP were the main factors that suggested prognostic outcomes. Conclusion: Age, blood routine, liver and kidney function, myocardial function, hemagglutination status, inflammatory reactant index, and lung lesion extent and progression of patients infected with COVID-19 are important factors indicating the severity of the disease and poor prognosis. Abnormal increases in leukocyte and neutrophilic granulocyte, CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and myocardial markers might be the main factors that better predict fatal outcomes in severe and critical patients. Abnormalities in age, RBC, glomerular filtration rate, CK-MB, MYO, and LNTP were the main factors indicating fatal outcomes in severe and critically ill patients. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of clinical and laboratory examinations, imaging findings and follow-up are indispensable methods to evaluate the severity and prognosis of the disease.
  • 图  1   男性,67岁,死亡患者,肺部CT显示双肺多发磨玻璃影,小叶间隔增厚呈“铺路石征”(三角形),血管穿行于病灶内呈“血管增粗征”(白色箭号)

    Figure  1.   A 67-year-old male patient (died). A lung CT showed multiple ground glass shadows in both lungs, thickened interlobular septum as a "paving stone sign" (triangle) and blood vessels passing through the lesion as a "thickened vessel sign" (white arrow)

    图  2   男性,66岁,死亡患者。行肺部CT平扫检查,显示病变多位于双肺胸膜下,初始病变范围未超过50%,但病变明显进展

    Figure  2.   A 66-year-old male patient (died). A lung CT scan was performed on day 1, 6, and 15 of admission. The lesions were mostly subpleural in both lungs, and the initial lesions did not exceed 50%, but the lesions progressed significantly

    图  3   男性,72岁,死亡患者,入院第13天胸部CT检查(b)显示病变较入院第1天(a)有好转

    Figure  3.   A 72-year-old male patient (died). Chest CT examination on day 13 of admission (b) showed less lesion than that on day 1 (a)

    图  4   男性,68岁,生存患者,入院第10天胸部CT检查(b)显示病变较入院第1天(a)有好转

    Figure  4.   A 68-year-old patient (survived). Chest CT examination on day 10 of admission (b) showed less lesion than that on day 1 (a)

    图  5   男性,89岁,生存患者,入院第7天(b)胸部CT复查显示病变较入院第1天(a)有进展,左肺上叶部分病变有吸收

    Figure  5.   An 89-year-old patient (survived). Chest CT reexamination on day 7 of admission (b) showed progressive lesions than that on day 1 (a), with partial remission of lesions in the left upper lobe

    表  1   不同预后两组新型冠状病毒感染者临床特征对比

    Table  1   Comparison of clinical features between the two groups of patients with different prognosis

    项目组别统计检验
    死亡组(n=68)生存组(n=50)$\chi^2 $P
      男性/女性(人数)46/2231/180.1710.679
      年龄/岁78.00±12.0270.04±12.58-3.416 0.001
      症状/例(%)  发热50(73.5)40(80.0)0.6670.414
      高热11(16.1)11(22.0)0.6440.422
      畏寒5(7.3)0(0.0)3.8390.050
      咽痛7(10.2)2(4.0)1.6200.203
      咳嗽26(38.2)16(32.0)0.4890.485
      咳痰24(35.2)8(16.0)5.4270.020
      咳血2(2.9)1(2.0)0.1030.748
      气促3(4.4)1(2.0)0.5120.474
      喘憋16(23.5)10(20.0)0.2090.648
      呼吸不畅9(13.2)2(4.0)2.9070.088
      乏力18(26.4)6(12.0)3.7240.054
      纳差6(8.8)0(0.0)4.6480.031
      胸痛3(4.4)0(0.0)2.2630.132
      胸闷9(13.2)3(6.0)1.6510.199
      基础疾病/例(%)  高血压43(63.2)31(62.0)0.0190.891
      糖尿病23(33.8)15(30.0)0.1930.660
      冠心病8(11.8)7(14.0)0.1300.719
      恶性肿瘤3(4.4)1(2.0)0.5120.474
      免疫抑制(移植术
      后、化疗等)
    4(5.9)2(4.0)0.2120.646
      肺心病1(1.5)0(0.0)0.7420.389
      肝病(肝炎,肝硬
      化,肝衰竭等)
    4(5.9)5(10.0)0.6930.405
      外科手术史20(29.4)19(38.0)0.0770.782
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   不同预后两组新型冠状病毒感染者实验室指标变化情况比较

    Table  2   Comparison of the changes of laboratory indexes in the two groups with different prognoses

    项目组别统计检验
    死亡组(n=68)生存组(n=50)$\chi^2 $P
      WBC升高/例(%)53(77.9)18(36.0)21.552<0.001
      NEUT升高/例(%)56(82.4)27(54.0)11.5590.003
      LYMPH降低/例(%)47(69.1)38(76.0)0.8400.657
      MONO升高/例(%)25(36.8)8(16.0)8.2150.016
      %NEUT升高/例(%)59(86.8)37(74.0)3.8130.149
      %LYMPH减低/例(%)62(91.2)44(88.0)1.4350.488
      %MONO正常/例(%)39(57.4)34(68.0)2.7610.251
      RBC减低/例(%)57(83.8)38(56.0)12.9500.002
      HGB减低/例(%)57(83.8)29(58.0)9.7220.002
      HCT减低/例(%)61(89.7)0(0.0)96.061<0.001
      NLR升高/例(%)63(92.6)45(90.0)0.2600.610
      RDW-SD升高/例(%)19(27.9)34(68.0)12.8680.002
      PLT正常/例(%)24(35.3)8(16.0)7.5380.053
      ALT升高/例(%)23(33.8)17(34.0)0.0000.984
      AST升高/例(%)39(59.4)25(50.0)0.6280.428
      eGFR减低/例(%)62(91.2)28(56.0)19.700<0.001
      SO2(%)≤93%/例(%)50(75.8)37(77.1)5.3920.056
      P/F index≤30 mmHg/例(%)37(56.1)36(73.5)3.6760.055
      CRP升高/例(%)66(97.1)44(88.0)3.7410.053
      PCT升高/例(%)63(92.6)27(45.0)34.667<0.001
      D-Dimer升高/例(%)56(86.2)33(68.8)4.9990.025
      CK升高/例(%)22(36.7)6(24.0)1.2820.258
      CK-MB升高/例(%)14(23.3)2(4.7)6.6630.010
      MYO升高/例(%)52(86.7)15(93.8)0.6070.436
      TNI升高/例(%)50(83.3)14(34.1)25.385<0.001
      LNTP升高/例(%)60(95.2)32(76.2)8.4280.004
    注:WBC为白细胞计数,NEUT为中性粒细胞绝对值,LYMPH为淋巴细胞绝对值,MONO为单核细胞绝对值,%NEUT为中性粒细胞百分率,%LYMPH为淋巴细胞百分率,%MONO为单核细胞百分率,RBC为红细胞计数,HGB为血红蛋白,HCT为红细胞比积,NLR为中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值,RDW-SD为红细胞体积分布宽度SD,PLT为血小板计数,ALT为丙氨酸氨基转移酶,AST为天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶,eGFR为肾小球滤过率,SO2为血氧饱和度,P/F index为肺动脉氧分压与吸氧浓度的比值,CRP为C反应蛋白,PCT为降钙素原,D-Dimer为D二聚体,CK为肌酸激酶,CK-MB为肌酸激酶同工酶,MYO为肌红蛋白,TNI为肌钙蛋白,LNTP为B型氨基端利钠肽原。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   不同预后两组新型冠状病毒感染者实验室检查比较

    Table  3   Comparison of laboratory indexes between the two groups with different prognoses

    项目组别统计检验
    死亡组(n=68)生存组(n=50)Z/FP
      WBC/(×109L)13.86±6.1211.56±21.90-4.670<0.001
      NEUT/(×109/L)12.23±6.027.20±4.22-4.621<0.001
      LYMPH/(×109/L)0.912±0.753.84±21.36-0.2210.825
      MONO/(×109/L)0.57±0.490.45±0.31-0.9150.360
      %NEUT/%86.10±10.0079.96±15.02-2.9630.003
      %LYMPH/%9.03±9.4513.55±14.00-3.1540.002
      %MONO/%4.30±2.985.61±3.28-2.3100.021
      RBC/(×1012/L)3.08±1.123.76±0.902.0290.157
      HGB/(g/L)94.47±29.12114.56±28.000.3080.580
      HCT/%29.40±9.0434.53±7.591.3820.242
      NLR24.34±33.9111.84±11.97-3.3770.001
      MCV/FL97.59±10.0992.68±7.721.5810.211
      MCH/pg35.80±34.6330.59±3.02-0.1090.913
      MCHC/(g/L)324.90±52.82330.16±21.05-3.4650.001
      RDW-CV/%14.89±2.6013.55±3.25-4.524<0.001
      RDW-SD/FL50.96±9.7545.03±9.22-4.316<0.001
      PLT/×109/L161.88±98.87209.36±101.180.1120.738
      ALT/(U/L)184.43±626.4350.72±61.22-0.2490.803
      AST/(U/L)276.62±800.0453.06±47.39-1.8190.069
      eGFR/(mL/min/1.73 m250.67±39.5480.89±31.50-5.065<0.001
      pO2/mmHg67.18±25.3158.02±15.48-1.3810.167
      SO2/%101.02±92.4188.58±9.82-0.8780.380
      P/F index/mmHg324.65±117.98282.22±69.21-1.3860.166
      CRP/(mg/L)86.37±45.2659.40±41.201.0210.314
      PCT/(ng/mL)6.63±14.802.58±13.30-5.370<0.001
      D-Dimer/(ug/L)4281.21±5628.422713.70±6835.12-3.709<0.001
      CK/(U/L)711.10±1295.57136.56±292.62-3.986<0.001
      CK-MB/(ng/mL)4.58±8.091.93±5.60-4.263<0.001
      MYO/(ng/mL)1190.55±2064.71128.31±173.14-5.701<0.001
      TNI/(ng/mL)0.89±2.120.13±0.31-5.070<0.001
      LNTP/(pg/mL)9821.78±21583.976934.55±32028.09-4.840<0.001
    注:WBC为白细胞计数,NEUT为中性粒细胞绝对值,LYMPH为淋巴细胞绝对值,MONO为单核细胞绝对值,%NEUT为中性粒细胞百分率,%LYMPH为淋巴细胞百分率,%MONO为单核细胞百分率,RBC为红细胞计数,HGB为血红蛋白,HCT为红细胞比积,NLR为中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值,MCV为平均红细胞体积,MCH为平均红细胞血红蛋白含量,MCHC为平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度,RDW-CV为红细胞体积分布宽度,RDW-SD为红细胞体积分布宽度SD,PLT为血小板计数,ALT为丙氨酸氨基转移酶,AST为天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶,eGFR为肾小球滤过率,pO2为氧分压,SO2为血氧饱和度,P/F index为肺动脉氧分压与吸氧浓度的比值,CRP为C反应蛋白,PCT为降钙素原,D-Dimer为D二聚体,CK为肌酸激酶,CK-MB为肌酸激酶同工酶,MYO为肌红蛋白,TNI为肌钙蛋白,LNTP为B型氨基端利钠肽原。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   临床实验室检查指标的logistic回归分析结果

    Table  4   Logistic regression analysis results of clinical laboratory examination indicators

    项目B标准误瓦尔德OR值OR值95% CIP
     年龄/岁0.2760.1244.9051.3171.032~1.6810.027
     WBC/(×109/L)27.87617.0212.6821.277 E+120.004~3.935 E+260.101
     NEUT/(×109/L)-27.39416.9732.6050.0000.000~354.9650.107
     LYMPH/(×109/L)-30.46518.5442.6990.0000.000~358.0190.100
     MONO/(×109/L)-10.0928.9031.2850.0000.000~1568.4270.257
     %NEUT/%3.0761.6283.56921.681 0.891~527.4640.059
     %LYMPH/%3.5901.8763.66236.224 0.917~1431.4890.056
     %MONO/%1.0080.6262.5962.7410.804~9.3460.107
     RBC/(×1012/L)-34.05117.0493.9890.0000.000~0.5290.046
     HGB/(g/L)-1.0390.6772.3550.3540.094~1.3340.125
     HCT/%6.9673.6963.5541061.421 0.758~1485479.3240.059
     NLR-0.0060.0240.0660.9940.949~1.0410.797
     MCHC/(g/L)0.1430.1351.1261.1540.886~1.5020.289
     RDW-CV/%1.8281.8201.0086.2190.175~220.4470.315
     RDW-SD/(FL)-1.1730.7632.3630.3090.069~1.3810.124
     eGFR/(mL/min/1.73 m20.0900.0424.6661.0951.008~1.1880.031
     CRP/(mg/L)-0.0110.0190.3090.9890.953~1.0270.579
     PCT/(ng/mL)-0.3440.2122.6290.7090.468~1.0740.105
     D-Dimer/(ug/L)0.0000.0001.9571.0000.999~1.0000.162
     CK/(U/L)-0.0030.0021.9000.9970.992~1.0010.168
     CK-MB/(ng/mL)0.4330.2552.8781.5420.935~2.5430.090
     MYO/(ng/mL)0.0240.0124.4571.0251.002~1.0480.035
     TNI/(ng/mL)4.1294.0611.03462.119 0.022~177947.7980.309
     LNTP/(pg/mL)0.0000.0004.3921.0001.000~1.0000.036
    注:WBC为白细胞计数,NEUT为中性粒细胞绝对值,LYMPH为淋巴细胞绝对值,MONO为单核细胞绝对值,%NEUT为中性粒细胞百分率,%LYMPH为淋巴细胞百分率,%MONO为单核细胞百分率,RBC为红细胞计数,HGB为血红蛋白,HCT为红细胞比积,NLR为中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值,MCHC为平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度,RDW-CV为红细胞体积分布宽度,RDW-SD为红细胞体积分布宽度SD,eGFR为肾小球滤过率,CRP为C反应蛋白,PCT为降钙素原,D-Dimer为D二聚体,CK为肌酸激酶,CK-MB为肌酸激酶同工酶,MYO为肌红蛋白,TNI为肌钙蛋白,LNTP为B型氨基端利钠肽原。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   不同预后两组新型冠状病毒肺炎影像特征对比

    Table  5   Comparison of imaging features of the two groups with different prognosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia

    项目级别统计检验
    死亡组(n=58)生存组(n=36)$Z/\chi^2 $P
     发病到CT检查时间/d9.86±6.5012.14±6.90-1.863 0.062
     就诊时病变超过>50%/例(%)33(56.8)12(33.3)4.5800.032
     病灶多位于肺外周或胸膜下/例(%)27(46.6)26(72.2)6.3400.010
     磨玻璃影/例(%)50(86.2)33(91.7)0.9700.325
     实变影/例(%)39(67.2)24(66.7)0.1140.736
     铺路石征/例(%)24(41.4)18(50.0)0.7880.375
     血管穿行于病灶内,伴血管增粗/例(%)32(55.2)23(63.9)0.8540.355
     胸膜增厚/例(%)54(93.1)32(88.9)0.1810.670
     淋巴结肿大/例(%) 6(10.3)1(2.8)1.7900.181
     胸腔积液/例(%)24(41.4) 6(16.7)5.9660.015
     心包积液/例(%)1(1.7)1(2.8)0.1270.721
     病变复查/例n=33*n=28*24.820 <0.001
     进展/例(%)27(81.8) 6(21.4)
     好转/例(%) 5(15.2)22(78.6)
     变化不大/例(%)1(3.0)0(0.0)
     病变进展范围超过50%/例(%)11(33.3)0(0.0)3.6670.056
    注:*-死亡组及生存组排除25例和8例没有CT复查图像。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-03-13
  • 修回日期:  2023-03-28
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-29
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-05-03
  • 发布日期:  2023-05-30

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