Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Early prediction of the prognosis of NSCLC is crucial for improving the survival rate of NSCLC patients. Traditional assessment tools cannot accurately and comprehensively reflect the prognosis of NSCLC patients, and in recent years, researchers have been exploring the application of imaging histology technology in the prognosis of NSCLC. This article reviews the basic process of imaging histology and the current status of research on the application of imaging histology technology in the prognosis of NSCLC.