Abstract: Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT) is a new three-dimension high-resolution imaging device based on X-ray imaging principle.The system enables a non-invasive three-dimensional inspection to the specimen, bones, teeth and biomaterial, and in latest year, it was more widely applied to screen small animal in vivo for drug discovery, cancer pathology and gene expression research.This review describes the technical aspects of Micro-CT, and indicates four main development directions, improved imaging contrast, ultra-high spatial resolution, fast speed and multi-modality imaging.