Imaging Research on Pulmonary Vascular Disease Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The pulmonary vascular diseases associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include pulmonary vascular remodeling, hypertension, embolism, and venous disease. Early assessments are required pulmonary vascular diseases for predicting the quality of life of patients with COPD. A variety of imaging techniques can be used to noninvasively evaluate pulmonary vascular lesions. The progress in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), echocardiography, and artificial intelligence (AI) in evaluating COPD-related pulmonary vascular lesions is described in this article.